TFC - Triage Frailty and Comorbidity Tool

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)

Predicts 10-year survival in patients with multiple comorbidities

Please input the clinical parameters for the patient below:


Logistic Model Prediction for Death within 90 days

This prediction is based on the TFC tool model which incorporates the CCI and other key clinical parameters.

Predicted 90-day Mortality Probability:



This tool is based on the externally validated TFC tool as described in:

External validation of the TFC (triage frailty and comorbidity) tool: a prospective observational study Internal and Emergency Medicine, doi:10.1007/s11739-024-03757-7

Use this tool as an aid in triage to identify patients at risk of 90-day mortality. It is not a substitute for clinical judgment.

About the TFC Tool

The Triage Frailty and Comorbidity (TFC) tool was developed to rapidly identify frail patients in the Emergency Department (ED) who are at risk of 90-day mortality.

It combines the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) with other important predictors, including:

  • Mode of arrival (e.g., emergency vehicle vs. private transport)
  • Autonomy in managing chronic conditions
  • Altered motor condition
  • Altered cognitive condition
  • Recent hospital admissions

The predictive model is based on the following logistic regression formula:

logit(p) = -5.4435 + 0.3081 * CCI + 0.8921 * (access by ambulance) + 0.7055 * (non-autonomy) + 0.6197 * (altered motor condition) + 0.5120 * (altered cognitive condition) + 0.9360 * (recent hospitalization)

This tool has been externally validated in a prospective observational study, demonstrating excellent predictive ability (AUROC = 0.894 for 90-day mortality).

Reference: Zaboli A, Sibilio S, Brigiari G, Massar M, Parodi M, Magnarelli G, Brigo F, Turcato G. External validation of the TFC (triage frailty and comorbidity) tool: a prospective observational study. Intern Emerg Med. 2024 Sep 6. doi:10.1007/s11739-024-03757-7.

Guidance for use:

  • Enter the patient’s clinical parameters using the controls provided in the 'Calculator' tab.
  • Review the computed CCI and predicted 90-day mortality probability.
  • Interpret the risk category: probabilities below 5% are considered very low risk, between 5% and 10% low risk, between 10% and 20% moderate risk, and above 20% high risk.
  • Always use clinical judgment in conjunction with the tool’s output.